Online Casinos Not on GamStop: UK Site Rankings 2026

Betmica reviewed for its welcome package and slot depth

Betmica leads this list of casinos not on GamStop with a headline welcome offer of 570% up to £5,700 plus 270 free spins. That is one of the largest headline percentages among the operators covered here, though the size of a percentage tells you little until it is measured against wagering, expiry and cashout caps, which we address in the bonus section below. Betmica presents itself as a slots-led non GamStop casino, and its catalogue depth appears to support that positioning, though we have not been able to independently verify exact game counts.

Pros

• Large headline welcome bonus percentage
• Broad slot catalogue from established studios
• GBP account support for UK depositors

Cons

• High wagering multiple reduces effective bonus value
• Limited independently verified withdrawal history
• Overseas licensing means no UK Gambling Commission recourse

Kikibet and its high-percentage deposit match

Kikibet offers 350% up to £5,555 and 300 free spins, positioning it among the larger deposit bonuses in this comparison of non GamStop casino sites. The free spins component is sizeable, but readers should check which slot titles the spins apply to, since spin value varies considerably by game. Kikibet's game contribution rules and expiry terms were not fully disclosed at the time of writing, which is a limitation worth flagging rather than glossing over.

Pros

• Generous free spins allocation alongside the deposit match
• Reasonable minimum deposit for new players
• Wide slot selection from recognisable providers

Cons

• Wagering requirement sits at the higher end of this list
• Bonus expiry terms are not clearly published
• No confirmed sportsbook product to pair with the casino

Betninja and its flat-rate new-player bonus

Betninja takes a different approach with a flat £1,000 bonus plus 100 free spins rather than a headline percentage. This structure is easier to model for a new player because the maximum bonus amount is fixed regardless of deposit size below that threshold. Betninja is one of the more straightforward offers among these gambling sites not on GamStop, though the absence of a published cashout cap in the material we reviewed means players should confirm this directly before relying on a large win.

Pros

• Fixed bonus amount is simple to calculate against a deposit
• Comparatively low wagering requirement for this market
• Low minimum deposit threshold

Cons

• Cashout cap not clearly published
• Smaller catalogue than some rivals on this list
• Track record is shorter than more established brands

WinnerIsland and its euro-denominated welcome offer

WinnerIsland's welcome bonus is listed up to €1,000 plus 100 free spins, priced in euros rather than sterling. UK players depositing in GBP should expect a currency conversion at the point of deposit or withdrawal unless the operator explicitly offers GBP accounts, and we have not been able to confirm that a native pound account is available here. That is a material condition for any UK reader comparing this against sterling-denominated offers elsewhere on this page.

Pros

• Established operating history relative to newer entrants
• Solid live dealer selection from Evolution Gaming
• Free spins add tangible value to the welcome package

Cons

• Euro-denominated bonus may involve currency conversion for GBP depositors
• No confirmed GBP account option in the material available
• Payout time trails some faster operators on this list

Zombillion and its themed welcome pack

Zombillion's Welcome Pack runs to 250% up to £4,000 plus 200 free spins, a mid-range offer among these best non GamStop casinos when measured purely on headline size. The brand markets itself around a slots-first identity, and its provider list leans toward high-volatility titles, which suits players who understand that bigger potential wins come with longer losing streaks between them. We found no independently verified data on Zombillion's average withdrawal speed beyond the operator's own stated targets.

Pros

• Strong focus on high-volatility slot titles
• Bonus percentage is competitive against similar-sized offers
• Free spins count is generous relative to the deposit required

Cons

• Withdrawal speed not independently confirmed beyond operator claims
• Live casino range appears narrower than slots offering
• Standard 40x wagering applies to the full bonus

Smash Casino and its large percentage match

Smash Casino advertises 600% up to €10,000 as a slots welcome package, the largest ceiling figure in this comparison. Ceiling figures this high are reached only by depositors placing substantial sums, so the practical bonus for a typical £20-£50 deposit will be far smaller than the headline suggests. This is a common feature of new casinos not on GamStop competing on eye-catching maximums, and readers should calculate their own likely bonus rather than anchor on the advertised ceiling.

Pros

• Very high theoretical bonus ceiling for larger depositors
• Broad slots catalogue from multiple studios
• Euro pricing is transparent about currency

Cons

• Headline percentage only reached at high deposit levels
• Wagering requirement is on the higher side
• Limited disclosed information on sportsbook or live betting features

Nightluck and its combined bonus structure

Nightluck's offer combines €6,400, 280 free spins and an 805% match, one of the more complex bonus structures among these gambling sites not on GamStop. Complex multi-part offers can be harder to evaluate because each component may carry separate wagering or expiry rules; we recommend reading Nightluck's full terms directly rather than assuming the same 40x-45x range that applies elsewhere on this page, since we could not confirm a single consistent wagering figure for the entire package.

Pros

• Multiple bonus components add up to significant total value
• Recently launched platform with modern software
• Free spins allocation is above average for this list

Cons

• Multi-part bonus structure makes overall wagering harder to assess
• Shorter operating history than several rivals here
• Limited independent feedback on withdrawal consistency

CoinPoker and its cryptocurrency-first positioning

CoinPoker's 150% up to $2,000 offer is smaller in percentage terms than most others on this list, but the brand's identity centres on cryptocurrency payments and poker-adjacent gambling, which sets it apart from the slots-led casinos above. For UK players interested in crypto casinos not on GamStop, CoinPoker is the clearest fit among these ten operators, though dollar-denominated pricing again raises the currency conversion point relevant to GBP account holders.

Pros

• Cryptocurrency-focused payments suit crypto-first players
• Comparatively low wagering requirement
• Long-standing operating history relative to newer sites here

Cons

• Smaller general casino catalogue than slots-focused competitors
• Dollar pricing means conversion for GBP depositors
• Poker focus may not suit players seeking slot variety

Rivo and its cashback-inclusive package

Rivo pairs a large 1000% up to €10,000 slots welcome package with a 25% cashback element, making it one of the few operators on this list combining a deposit match with an ongoing cashback mechanic in the same welcome offer. Cashback is typically calculated on net losses over a defined period, and the practical value depends heavily on that calculation window, which was not fully specified in the material we reviewed.

Pros

• Cashback element adds ongoing value beyond the initial match
• Large slot catalogue from well-known studios
• Competitive payout timeframe relative to this list

Cons

• Cashback calculation window not fully disclosed
• Headline percentage only fully realised at high deposits
• Standard high wagering requirement applies to the match portion

Daytonaspin and its slot-focused welcome spins

Daytonaspin closes this list with 255% up to £4,500 plus 255 free spins, a sterling-denominated offer that avoids the currency conversion issue affecting several other entries here. As the newest and lowest-rated operator in this comparison, Daytonaspin has the shortest track record, and readers should treat its withdrawal and support performance as unproven rather than assume parity with longer-established brands above it.

Pros

• Sterling-denominated bonus avoids conversion uncertainty
• Sizeable free spins count alongside the match bonus
• Straightforward slots-first catalogue

Cons

• Shortest operating history of the ten casinos reviewed here
• Wagering requirement sits at the higher end of this list
• Limited independent evidence on withdrawal consistency

What are casinos not on GamStop

GAMSTOP is the UK's free multi-operator self-exclusion scheme. Every casino and betting site licensed by the UK Gambling Commission must connect to it, so once you register, every UKGC-licensed brand blocks your account for the period chosen. A non GamStop casino sits outside that scheme entirely because it holds a licence from a different regulator, typically an overseas authority rather than the UKGC. That is a licensing fact, not a marketing angle, even though many operators lean on the phrase in their branding.

It is worth separating three overlapping ideas that often get blurred together: non-GamStop status, offshore licensing and "no-KYC" claims. Non-GamStop simply means the self-exclusion scheme does not apply. Offshore licensing means the regulator is based outside Great Britain, commonly in Curaçao, Malta, Anjouan or similar jurisdictions. "No-KYC" is a marketing claim some sites make suggesting reduced identity checks. In practice, most legitimate non GamStop casinos still run identity and source-of-funds checks before releasing withdrawals, because payment providers and anti-money-laundering obligations require it regardless of which regulator issued the licence. A casino accepting British customers is not the same as being authorised to serve them under UK law, and the label "not on GamStop" establishes nothing about safety, fairness or payout reliability on its own.

How non GamStop casinos differ from UKGC-licensed casino sites

The core difference between casinos not on GamStop and UK online casinos licensed by the Gambling Commission is regulatory oversight, and that difference cascades into several practical areas.

For consumer protection, UKGC-licensed casino sites give British players a clear complaints escalation route and mandatory participation in GAMSTOP. Non-GamStop operators may still offer functioning account controls such as deposit limits, but these are set by the individual operator rather than mandated by a UK regulator, so consistency across brands is not guaranteed. On bonuses, offshore operators are not bound by the same advertising standards that apply to UK-licensed brands, which is one reason headline percentages on non GamStop casino sites can look larger than anything seen in the regulated UK market. On payments, currency handling varies: some non GamStop casinos maintain GBP accounts for UK depositors, while others price everything in euros or dollars, introducing a conversion step. On games, the studios supplying slots and live tables (Pragmatic Play, Evolution Gaming, NetEnt and similar) frequently supply both regulated and unregulated markets, so game quality is not necessarily the point of difference. None of this amounts to a blanket claim that offshore casinos are unsafe or that UK-licensed sites are risk-free; it is a difference in oversight structure that affects what recourse a player has if something goes wrong.

How we reviewed these non GamStop casinos

Assessing casinos not on GamStop starts with confirming who actually owns and operates each brand. Many operators run multiple casino sites under one holding company, sometimes sharing software platforms, payment processing and even customer support teams across brands with different names. We checked publicly stated ownership and licence details where available, cross-referencing the licence number displayed on each site against the format expected for its stated regulator.

Licence verification means checking that the licence displayed is current and that the casino operating the UK-facing site is the same legal entity named on the licence, not a similarly branded shell. This exact-entity check matters because some casino sites display a licence certificate that belongs to a different domain or a related but distinct company.

We also looked at how clearly each casino's terms and conditions were written, since vague wagering language, unspecified game contribution rates or undisclosed cashout caps are all warning signs regardless of how attractive the headline bonus looks. Where terms were unclear or unavailable in the material we reviewed, we have said so directly in the individual write-ups above rather than guessing at figures.

Customer support responsiveness and account control availability (deposit limits, time-outs, self-exclusion tools) were reviewed against what each operator publishes. Complaint patterns are harder to verify independently without live testing, so where we have not been able to confirm a consistent pattern of resolved or unresolved disputes, we note that as a limitation of the available evidence rather than presenting an assumption as fact.

Assessing new casinos not on GamStop

A new casino not on GamStop is different from a new online casino company. Some "new" casino sites are launched by holding companies with years of experience running other brands, reusing the same software platform and payment infrastructure. Others are genuinely new operators with no prior track record at all. Nightluck and Daytonaspin, both launched in 2024, illustrate this: a short operating history means less time for withdrawal patterns, complaint handling and software stability to be observed, whether by us or by other players. This is not automatically a red flag, but it is a genuine limitation of the evidence available, and it is why newer entrants on this list carry more caveats in their individual write-ups than longer-established brands. Specific red flags to watch for include unclear ownership information, licence numbers that do not match the stated regulator's public register format, wagering terms that change after signup, and customer support that cannot answer direct questions about withdrawal limits or verification requirements.

Common licences held by casinos not on GamStop

Online casino authorisation works differently depending on the regulator. In the UK, the Gambling Commission licenses and directly supervises operators serving Great Britain, requiring GAMSTOP participation, advertising standards and specific consumer protection measures. Casinos not on GamStop instead hold licences from other jurisdictions, and the protections attached to each vary significantly.

Curaçao is the most common licence among the operators covered in comparisons of this kind, issued through the Curaçao Gaming Authority following the jurisdiction's 2023 regulatory overhaul that consolidated multiple older master licences into a single licensing authority. Curaçao licensing is generally lower-cost and faster to obtain than a UKGC licence, and its consumer protection framework and complaint escalation processes are less standardised than the UK's.

Malta, regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority, is considered one of the stronger overseas regulators, with a more established complaints process and closer alignment with EU consumer protection norms, though it is still a separate regime from the UKGC.

Panama's Gaming Control Board licenses operators mainly serving Latin American markets, with limited public information available on player-facing dispute resolution for UK-based complaints.

Estonia issues licences through its Tax and Customs Board with a reputation for tighter technical compliance requirements than some other jurisdictions, though its casino licensing is primarily aimed at operators targeting Estonian and broader EU players.

Anjouan, part of the Union of Comoros, has emerged more recently as a licensing option and is generally viewed as offering lighter oversight, with less publicly documented enforcement history than Curaçao or Malta.

Tobique, a First Nation-issued licence originating in Canada, and Kahnawake, issued by the Kahnawake Gaming Commission based in Mohawk Territory near Montreal, are both long-standing licensing bodies used by a number of online casinos, with Kahnawake in particular having a longer operating history and its own internal dispute process for licensed operators.

The practical point for a UK reader comparing gambling sites not on GamStop is that "licensed" does not mean uniform protection. Always check that the licence number displayed matches the exact domain and legal entity operating the site you are using, not merely a similarly named related brand, and understand that complaint escalation for an Anjouan-licensed site will look very different from a Malta-licensed one.

Casino bonuses at non GamStop casinos

Every bonus type carries different conditions, and the difference matters more than the headline figure.

Welcome bonuses

A welcome bonus is the first deposit match new players receive, typically expressed as a percentage up to a capped amount, as seen across every operator on this page. The percentage only applies up to the stated maximum; a 570% offer capped at £5,700 pays that match only on deposits large enough to reach the cap proportionally, and smaller deposits receive the same 570% on a smaller base.

Deposit bonuses

Deposit bonuses function the same way as welcome bonuses but can also apply to second, third or reload deposits after the initial signup. The key condition to check is whether wagering applies to the deposit plus bonus combined, or to the bonus amount alone, since the former roughly doubles the effective wagering burden.

Free spins

Free spins are allocated on specific slot titles, and their real value depends on the stake-per-spin the operator sets, which is often far lower than a player's normal stake. 270 free spins at 10p per spin is worth £27 in total stake, not £270, regardless of how the offer is advertised.

No-deposit bonuses

A no-deposit bonus gives new players a small amount of free play or free spins without requiring a deposit first. None of the ten operators covered on this page were confirmed to offer a no-deposit bonus in the material reviewed, so readers should check current terms directly with any operator before assuming one is available.

Cashback bonuses

Cashback returns a percentage of net losses over a set period, as seen in Rivo's 25% cashback component. Unlike a deposit match, cashback is calculated after losses occur, so its value depends on how much a player has lost within the qualifying window, and on whether the cashback itself carries a further wagering requirement before withdrawal.

Loyalty rewards

Loyalty schemes reward ongoing play with points, tier upgrades or periodic bonuses rather than a one-off welcome offer. None of the operators reviewed here disclosed detailed loyalty programme terms in the material available, which is a gap worth checking directly before relying on long-term rewards as part of an operator choice.

Worked wagering example

Take a £100 deposit matched at 100% (a £100 bonus) with a 40x wagering requirement applied to the bonus only. That requires £4,000 in total stakes before the bonus becomes withdrawable. If slots contribute 100% to wagering but table games contribute only 10%, then £4,000 in slot stakes clears it, whereas the same £4,000 wagered on blackjack would only count as £400 toward the requirement, meaning £40,000 in actual blackjack stakes would be needed. This is why game contribution rates matter as much as the headline wagering multiple. Maximum stake limits while wagering (commonly £5-£10 per spin on the offers reviewed here) also restrict how quickly a player can clear the requirement, and bonus expiry windows (typically 7-30 days across this market) add a time pressure that a slow player may not meet. Cashout caps, where disclosed, limit the total amount withdrawable from bonus-derived winnings regardless of how much was technically won.

Payment methods at casinos not on GamStop

Deposit availability and withdrawal availability are not the same thing. A method accepted for depositing may not be offered for withdrawals, and UK readers should confirm both directions before relying on a preferred payment method.

Debit card payments

Debit cards remain a standard deposit method across UK online casinos, including most non GamStop casino sites. Withdrawals back to a debit card are usually supported but can take longer to clear than e-wallet or crypto withdrawals, and some card issuers apply their own delays to gambling transactions.

Bank transfers

Direct bank transfers work for both deposits and withdrawals at many operators, though processing depends on both the casino's approval time and the receiving bank's own processing schedule, which can add a business day or more.

E-wallets

E-wallets such as Skrill and Neteller are popular at non GamStop casinos because they typically process withdrawals faster than bank transfers. Availability varies by operator, and we have not confirmed a full e-wallet list for every brand on this page.

PayPal availability

PayPal is far more commonly available at UK Gambling Commission-licensed casinos than at offshore operators, since PayPal's own merchant policies restrict its use to certain regulatory conditions. We found no confirmed evidence of PayPal support across the ten operators reviewed here, so readers should not assume it is available and should check directly before depositing.

Paysafe casinos not on GamStop

Paysafecard and similar prepaid vouchers are a deposit-only method at most casinos, useful for players who want to cap spending to a purchased voucher amount without linking a bank account. Paysafe casinos not on GamStop typically cannot process withdrawals back to a voucher, so a separate withdrawal method is still needed.

Cryptocurrency payments

Cryptocurrency payments, led on this page by CoinPoker's crypto-first model, tend to process faster than traditional banking rails and avoid some currency conversion issues, though crypto value volatility between deposit and withdrawal is a separate risk players should understand.

GBP accounts and currency conversion

A genuine GBP account means deposits, balances and withdrawals are all held and calculated in pounds sterling with no conversion step. Several operators on this page price bonuses in euros or dollars (WinnerIsland, Smash Casino, Nightluck, Rivo, CoinPoker), which means UK depositors using GBP payment methods will likely see a currency conversion applied, either by the casino or by their payment provider, and possibly an associated fee. Betmica, Betninja, Zombillion and Daytonaspin price their offers in sterling, removing that conversion step for UK players.

Withdrawals, KYC and account restrictions

Casino approval time and payment settlement time are two separate stages, and confusing them is a common source of frustration. Casino approval is the operator reviewing and authorising a withdrawal request internally, which can take anywhere from minutes to several days depending on account verification status and any pending bonus wagering. Payment settlement is the time the chosen payment method itself takes to move funds, which the casino does not control once approved.

Identity verification, commonly called KYC (know your customer), is standard practice across regulated and offshore casinos alike, typically requiring photo ID, proof of address and sometimes a selfie verification step. Source-of-funds checks, requiring evidence of where deposited money came from, are increasingly common for larger withdrawals or unusual deposit patterns, and can add several days if documents are not submitted promptly. None of the operators reviewed on this page can be assumed to skip these checks simply because they are not on GAMSTOP; overseas licensing does not exempt an operator from anti-money-laundering obligations.

Withdrawal limits vary by operator and sometimes by payment method, with daily, weekly or monthly caps common. Bonus-related withdrawal restrictions, such as the cashout caps discussed earlier, apply specifically to winnings generated from bonus funds rather than from a player's own deposited money, though some operators blend the two balances, making it harder to withdraw pure deposit funds separately.

Common delays include incomplete verification documents, withdrawal requests flagged for manual review, and mismatches between the payment method used to deposit and the one requested for withdrawal (many operators require withdrawals to return via the original deposit method first). If a withdrawal dispute arises, the escalation route depends entirely on the operator's licensing jurisdiction: some regulators offer a formal complaints process, while others leave resolution largely to the operator itself. This is a genuine limitation for UK players compared with UKGC-licensed alternatives, and it is worth checking what dispute mechanism, if any, applies before relying on a large potential withdrawal.

Games not on GamStop

Slots not on GamStop

Slots dominate the catalogues of every operator reviewed on this page, sourced from providers including Pragmatic Play, NetEnt, Play'n GO, Big Time Gaming, Novomatic and Microgaming. Popular slot titles commonly found at non GamStop casinos include Sweet Bonanza, Book of Dead, Gates of Olympus and Big Bass Bonanza, though exact catalogue availability varies by operator and was not individually confirmed title-by-title for each of the ten brands here. Return to player (RTP) figures and volatility ratings are set per game version, meaning the same title can carry a different RTP depending on which studio's build a casino has licensed, so a published RTP should be checked against the specific version live on the site rather than assumed from the title alone.

Live dealer and table games

Live dealer games, principally supplied by Evolution Gaming across several operators on this list, stream real dealers running blackjack, roulette and baccarat in real time. Standard digital table games covering the same three titles are also common across these catalogues. Provider authenticity matters here: a "live" label should correspond to an actual video stream from a recognised studio rather than a randomly generated table dressed up with live-style graphics, and checking which named provider supplies the live tables is a reasonable way to confirm this.

Game counts and provider logos displayed on a homepage are not, by themselves, proof of quality or fairness. A large number does not confirm every game is available in every region, and a recognisable provider logo does not guarantee the specific version offered matches the provider's flagship RTP figures. Regional availability of individual titles can also vary, so a slot advertised broadly may not always load for every visitor.

Game providers behind non GamStop casino catalogues

The software studios supplying casinos not on GamStop are largely the same names seen across the wider online casino industry. Pragmatic Play appears across most operators on this page and is known for high-volatility slots and a broad live casino range. Novomatic, a long-established European studio, supplies classic-style slots with a loyal following among traditional players. Evolution Gaming leads the live dealer segment industry-wide and supplies the live blackjack, roulette and baccarat tables referenced above. Playtech offers a mixed portfolio spanning slots, table games and some branded content. NetEnt is known for consistent slot mechanics and was an early mover in mobile-optimised casino games. Play'n GO produces a large slot catalogue with strong mobile performance. Big Time Gaming is associated with the Megaways mechanic, a high-volatility reel structure now licensed by multiple studios. Microgaming, one of the oldest names in the sector, supplies a broad legacy catalogue including progressive jackpot networks. A casino listing several of these providers indicates access to established software, but it does not by itself confirm which specific games, versions or RTP settings are actually live on that operator's site.

Sports betting at non GamStop casinos

Not every casino not on GamStop offers a sportsbook, and readers should not assume betting sites not on GamStop and casino sites are always the same product. Some operators run a combined casino and sportsbook account under one login with a shared wallet, meaning a single balance funds both casino play and sports bets, while others keep casino and sports betting entirely separate or offer only one product. We have not been able to independently confirm sportsbook availability for each of the ten operators reviewed on this page, and readers should verify this directly on the operator's own site before assuming a combined product exists.

Where a sportsbook is available, typical features include pre-match and in-play betting across major sports, esports betting on titles such as Counter-Strike and Dota 2 markets, singles and accumulator bets, and in some cases bet builders that combine multiple selections from a single match into one wager. Cash-out, where offered, lets a bettor settle a bet before the event finishes at a value calculated by the operator, though cash-out availability varies by market and event.

Sports free bets differ meaningfully from casino bonuses. A free bet typically requires a qualifying bet at a minimum odds threshold (commonly 1.50 or higher in decimal odds), applies only to specific markets, expires within a set window, and usually returns only the winnings rather than the original stake if the bet wins. This is a different value structure from a casino deposit match, where the bonus amount itself becomes part of the playable balance subject to wagering. Where a shared wallet exists between casino and sportsbook, players should check whether a casino bonus and a sports free bet draw from the same balance or are tracked separately, since mixing the two can complicate wagering progress on either side.

Self-exclusion at casinos not on GamStop

Non-GamStop casinos are not connected to GAMSTOP, which means registering with GAMSTOP does not block access to the operators reviewed on this page. This should not be read as an invitation to bypass a self-exclusion decision. If you have self-excluded through GAMSTOP, that decision was made for a reason, and opening an account at a non GamStop casino site works against it rather than around a technical inconvenience.

Individual operators may offer their own account controls independent of GAMSTOP, including deposit limits, loss limits, time-outs and account closure requests. These controls are set and administered by the operator itself rather than by a UK regulator, so their consistency and enforcement depend entirely on that individual brand's policies. We have not been able to confirm the specific self-exclusion tools offered by each of the ten operators covered here, and whether such controls extend to linked brands or an accompanying sportsbook product is not something we can verify from public information alone.

GAMSTOP exclusion periods run for six months, one year or five years, chosen by the player at registration, and only apply to GAMSTOP-connected operators. If you are struggling with gambling, GamCare operates the National Gambling Helpline free of charge and independently of any operator, alongside gambling blocking software that can restrict access to gambling sites at the device or network level regardless of which regulator licenses them.

Choosing between these non GamStop casinos

The clearest way to compare these ten casinos not on GamStop is against the specific conditions attached to each offer rather than the headline figure alone: wagering multiple, currency, game contribution and payout timeframe. Sterling-priced offers remove a conversion step for UK depositors, lower wagering multiples reduce the total stakes needed to unlock a bonus, and longer-established operators give more evidence to assess, though a longer history is not a guarantee of future reliability. Genuine uncertainties remain across this list, particularly around exact game counts, some payment method availability and dispute resolution outcomes, and we have flagged those gaps directly rather than filling them with assumption.